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Q1. The process by which energy is obtained directly from sunlight and stored as organic compounds in plants is called

• 1) Assimilation
• 2) Respiration
• 3) Transpiration
• 4) Photosynthesis

Solution

Photosynthesis is the process by which energy is obtained directly from sunlight and stored as organic compounds in plants.

Q2. Which of the following is considered as the food factory of a plant? 

• 1) Root
• 2) Leaf
• 3) Stem
• 4) Flower

Solution

The leaf is considered as the food factory of a plant because the synthesis of food by the process of photosynthesis takes place in the leaf.

Q3. The modified part of pitcher is ___________________.

Solution

Leaf

Q4. Transpiration is the loss of water from the surface of leaves.

• 1) False
• 2) True

Solution

True

Q5. Plants without chlorophyll depend on _________ mode of nutrition.

• 1) Autotropic
• 2) Heterotropic
• 3) Phototropic
• 4) Mesotrophic

Solution

Plants which lack chlorophyll cannot carry out photosynthesis. Hence, they depend on heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

Q6. During photosynthesis, cells containing chlorophyll use carbon dioxide and water to produce food in the form of

• 1) Minerals
• 2) Carbohydrates
• 3) Proteins
• 4) Fats

Solution

During photosynthesis, cells containing chlorophyll use raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water to produce food which is stored in the form of carbohydrates.

Q7. ______________ are the food factories of a plant.

Solution

Leaves

Q8. Plants take atmospheric nitrogen from the soil in the form of

• 1) Nitrates
• 2) Nitrogen dioxide
• 3) Urea
• 4) Ammonia

Solution

Plants need nitrogen in the form of water soluble compounds like nitrates.

Q9. Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis.

• 1) False
• 2) True

Solution

True

Q10. Mushroom plant obtains its nourishment from dead and decaying organic matter. Therefore, it follows

• 1) Saprotrophic nutrition
• 2) Parasitic nutrition
• 3) Autotrophic nutrition
• 4) Mesotrophic nutrition

Solution

Mushroom plant follows saprotrophic nutrition as it derives its food from dead and decaying organic matter.

Q11. Pores present in the leaves are called stomata.

• 1) False
• 2) True

Solution

True

Q12. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by

• 1) Guard cells
• 2) Epidermis
• 3) Stroma
• 4) Mesophyll cells

Solution

The opening and closing of stomatal pores in the leaves is controlled by guard cells.

Q13. What is the function of guard cells?

Solution

The guard cells guard the stomata present on the surface of the leaves and control the movement of air and water in and out of the stomata.

Q14. How Cuscuta plant obtain its food?

Solution

Cuscuta does not have chlorophyll. It takes readymade food from the plant on which it climbs.

Q15. The mode of nutrition where organisms make food on their own from simple substances is called

• 1) Parasitic nutrition
• 2) Insectivorous nutrition
• 3) Autotrophic nutrition
• 4) Saprotropic nutrition

Solution

The mode of nutrition where organisms make food on their own from simple substances is called autotrophic nutrition.

Q16. Plants which obtain food through saprophytic mode of nutrition are called

• 1) Chemotrophs
• 2) Autotrophs
• 3) Saprotrophs
• 4) Symbionts

Solution

Plants which obtain food from dead and decaying organic matter and follow saprophytic mode of nutrition are called saprotrophs or saprophytes. 

Q17. Which of the following can be classified under autotrophs?

• 1) Vulture
• 2) Tiger
• 3) Cockroach
• 4) Vulture
• 5) Neem tree
• 6) Tiger
• 7) Cockroach
• 8) Neem tree

Solution

Green plants like neem tree can prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis and hence are classified under autotrophs. Animals like vulture, cockroach and tiger cannot prepare their own food and hence are classified under heterotrophs.

Q18. Plants that use saprophytic mode of nutrition are called saprotrophs.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

True

Q19. Organisms which stay together for shelter and nutrient are said to be in a 

• 1) Parasitic relationship
• 2) Abiotic relationship
• 3) Biotic relationship
• 4) Symbiotic relationship

Solution

Organisms which stay together for shelter and nutrient are said to be in a symbiotic relationship. Both the organisms live together and help each other to survive.

Q20. Starch stored in the leaves after photosynthesis is a

• 1) Carbohydrate
• 2) Vitamin
• 3) Protein
• 4) Mineral

Solution

Starch stored in the leaves after photosynthesis is a carbohydrate. This starch gets stored as food in the various parts of a plant including leaves.

Q21. Which of the following statements is not true with respect to heterotrophic modes of nutrition in plants?

• 1) Insectivorous plants are also called carnivorous plants.
• 2) Symbiotic relationship is advantageous for both the organisms.
• 3) Saprophytes have sucking organs which are present externally.
• 4) Parasites may cause harm to the host in the process of obtaining nutrition.

Solution

Saprophytes do not have sucking organs. They secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying organic matter and convert it into a solution. They absorb the nutrients from this solution.

Q22. Which of the following is secreted by the pitcher plant to digest the insect?

• 1) Digestive juice
• 2) Starch
• 3) Sugar
• 4) Saliva

Solution

Digestive juices are secreted by the pitcher plant to digest the insect and obtain nutrients from it.

Q23. Photosynthesis takes place in the roots of plants.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

False Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of plants.

Q24. The mineral required by the plants to make proteins is

• 1) Iodine
• 2) Potassium
• 3) Calcium
• 4) Nitrogen

Solution

Plants require nitrogen for the production of amino acids that make up proteins. Proteins are needed for healthy growth and development of the plant body.

Q25. The pores present on the surface of the leaves are called

• 1) Veins
• 2) Grana
• 3) Stomata
• 4) Hydathodes

Solution

The pores present on the surface of the leaves are called stomata. They help in gaseous exchange.

Q26. Which one of the following is a leguminous plant?

• 1) Maize
• 2) Wheat
• 3) Rice
• 4) Pea

Solution

Pea is a leguminous plant. Leguminous plants have root nodules in them which contain Rhizobium bacteria. These bacteria can convert nitrogen gas present in air into nitrogenous compounds.

Q27. Solar energy is captured and stored in the plants in the form of __________.

Solution

Starch

Q28. The gas released during the process of photosynthesis is

• 1) Carbon dioxide
• 2) Nitrogen
• 3) Oxygen
• 4) Carbon monoxide

Solution

During photosynthesis, plants make use of carbon dioxide gas and release oxygen gas into the atmosphere. This oxygen is utilised by all living organisms for their survival.

Q29. The cotton-like structure seen on the bread is due to the growth of

• 1) Bacteria
• 2) Fungi
• 3) Lichens
• 4) Algae

Solution

The cotton-like structure seen on the bread is due to the growth of fungi.

Q30. (i) Draw a well labeled diagram of a leaf.(ii) What is the function of chlorophyll in the leaf of a plant?

Solution

(i) Structure of a leaf: (ii) Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun and supplies this energy to the leaves to enable them to carry out photosynthesis for making food.

Q31. Plant prepare their own food by the process of  ________________.

Solution

Photosynthesis

Q32. Insect eating plants are called ________________.

Solution

Insectivorous plants

Q33. Which of the following fixes atmospheric nitrogen into the soil?

• 1) Mycobacterium
• 2) Rhizobium
• 3) Cuscuta
• 4) Lactobacillus

Solution

Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of leguminous plants fix up atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. They convert nitrogen gas present in air into nitrogenous compounds like nitrates.

Q34. Which of the following correctly represents the word equation for photosynthesis?

• 1) Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
• 2) Oxygen + Water → Starch + Carbon dioxide
• 3) Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Energy
• 4) Carbon dioxide + Water → Starch + Oxygen

Solution

Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants make use of carbon dioxide and water to produce food in the form of glucose along with the release of oxygen.

Q35. The plant on which chlorophyll free plant climbs is called a climber.

• 1) False
• 2) True

Solution

False.  The plant on which chlorophyll free plant climbs is called a host. 

Q36. Insect-eating plants are called

• 1) Parasitic plants
• 2) Omnivorous plants
• 3) Herbivorous plants
• 4) Insectivorous plants

Solution

Insectivorous plants make their own food but feed on insects to obtain the nitrogen compounds required for their growth.

Q37. Which part of the plant is modified into pitcher-like structure in pitcher plant?

• 1) Stem
• 2) Leaf
• 3) Root
• 4) Flower

Solution

The pitcher-like structure is the modified part of the leaf.

Q38. Yeast obtains nutrients in solution form from dead and decaying matter. Therefore, it is called a 

• 1) Insectivore
• 2) Parasite
• 3) Autotroph
• 4) Saprotroph

Solution

Saprophytes secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying organic matter and convert it into a solution. They absorb nutrients from this solution.

Q39. _______________ are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Solution

Carbohydrates

Q40. Cuscuta is a partial parasite.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

False. Cuscuta plant is a total stem parasite.

Q41. The mode of taking in food by an organism and its utilisation by the body is called

• 1) Assimilation
• 2) Digestion
• 3) Ingestion
• 4) Nutrition

Solution

The mode of taking in food by an organism and its utilisation by the body is called nutrition.

Q42. In an activity to test the presence of starch in leaves, which of the following steps helps to get rid of the green pigment chlorophyll from the leaves?

• 1) Boiling the leaf in water
• 2) Boiling the leaf in alcohol
• 3) Treating the leaf with methylene blue
• 4) Treating the leaf with iodine

Solution

The leaf is boiled in alcohol to remove the green pigment chlorophyll while performing an activity to test the presence of starch in leaves. The leaf decolorises as alcohol extracts the chlorophyll of the leaf and thus becomes pale yellow in colour.

Q43. Plants which lack chlorophyll climb on other plants to obtain nourishment. Such plants are called

• 1) Insectivores
• 2) Saprotrophs
• 3) Hosts
• 4) Parasites

Solution

Parasitic plants lack chlorophyll and therefore, climb on other plants to obtain nourishment.

Q44. Plants absorb water through pores called stomata present on the leaf surfaces.

• 1) False
• 2) True

Solution

False Plants absorb water through their roots and give out excessive water through the stomata.

Q45. ____________ do not contain chlorophyll.

Solution

Cuscuta

Q46. Inside the pitcher plant there are hair directed _______________.

Solution

Downwards

Q47. Green plants are

• 1) Symbiotic
• 2) Autotrophic
• 3) Saprotrophic
• 4) Parasitic

Solution

Green plants are autotrophic because they can prepare their own food with the help of sunlight, chlorophyll, water and carbon dioxide.

Q48. Animals that take in readymade food prepared by plants are called

• 1) Heterotrophs
• 2) Phototrophs
• 3) Phototrophs
• 4) Mesotrophs
• 5) Autotrophs
• 6) Heterotrophs
• 7) Mesotrophs
• 8) Autotrophs

Solution

Animals that take in readymade food prepared by plants are called heterotrophs.

Q49. Which type of relationship is seen in algae and fungi in lichens?

• 1) Parasitic
• 2) Saprophytic
• 3) Symbiotic
• 4) Predator-prey

Solution

Lichens is an association between algae and fungi wherein both these organisms are mutually benefitted from each other.

Q50. Animals that take in readymade food prepared by plants are called ________________.

Solution

Heterotrophs

Q51. Which of the following is not a type of heterotrophic nutrition in plants?

• 1) Saprotrophic nutrition
• 2) Parasitic nutrition
• 3) Insectivorous nutrition
• 4) Photosynthetic nutrition

Solution

Photosynthetic nutrition is a type of autotrophic nutrition in plants.

Q52. Fungi are mostly

• 1) Autotrophic
• 2) Parasitic
• 3) Saprotrophic
• 4) Symbiotic

Solution

Fungi are mostly saprotrophic as they derive their food from dead and decaying organic matter.

Q53. Which of the following does not show parasitic nutrition?

• 1) Mistletoe
• 2) Cuscuta
• 3) Bladderwort
• 4) Loranthus

Solution

Cuscuta, Loranthus and Mistletoe show parasitic nutrition. Bladderwort shows insectivorous nutrition.

Q54. Chlorophyll is present in the roots of the plants.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

False Chlorophyll is present in the leaves of the plants.

Q55. ______________ is the ultimate source of energy.

Solution

sun

Q56. Plants prepare their own food by a process called

• 1) Absorption
• 2) Assimilation
• 3) Transpiration
• 4) Photosynthesis

Solution

Plants prepare their own food by the process called photosynthesis. They make their food from simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

Q57. Identify the given plant which is insectivorous in nature.

• 1) Pitcher plant
• 2) Sundew
• 3) Venus fly-trap
• 4) Cuscuta

Solution

The given picture is of a pitcher plant which is insectivorous in nature and obtains food partly from insects. 

Q58. The process of photosynthesis produces a simple carbohydrate called _______________.

Solution

Glucose

Q59. The relationship between organisms that stay together for shelter and nutrient is called _________________.

Solution

Symbiotic relationship

Q60. Which of the following energy conversions takes place during photosynthesis?

• 1) Light energy → Chemical energy
• 2) Chemical energy → Light energy
• 3) Light energy → Mechanical energy
• 4) Mechanical energy → Chemical energy

Solution

During photosynthesis, light energy of the Sun trapped by the leaves is converted into chemical energy which is stored in the form of starch molecules.

Q61. Chlorophyll is present in the ______________ of a plant cell.

Solution

Chloroplast

Q62. Mode of nutrition where organisms make food themselves from simple substances is called _________ nutrition.

Solution

Autotrophic

Q63. The desert plants have spine like leaves.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

True

Q64. Light is not essential for photosynthesis.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

False Light is an important factor for photosynthesis as light energy is used to form chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Q65. What are the different ways to replenish the soil?

Solution

There are two different ways to replenish the soil. These are: i. Adding fertilisers. ii. Growing leguminous crops.

Q66. What would happen if there will be no photosynthesis process?

Solution

In the absence of photosynthesis there would not be any food and oxygen for the survival of living organisms and the life would be impossible on the earth.

Q67. During photosynthesis leaves use carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight to synthesise _____________________.

Solution

Carbohydrates

Q68. The mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in solution forms from dead and decaying matter is called parasitic nutrition.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

False. The mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in solution forms from dead and decaying matter is called saprophytic nutrition.

Q69. How the leguminous crops replenish the soil?

Solution

Leguminous crops have root nodules which contain Rhizobium bacteria that can convert nitrogen gas of air into nitrates. These nitrates mix with the soil and enrich it. Thus, the soil in the soil gets enriched with nitrogen compounds.

Q70. What are the conditions required for photosynthesis?

Solution

The conditions required for photosynthesis are water, sunlight, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll.

Q71. ____________ cells surrounds the stomata.

Solution

Guard cells

Q72. Food factories of plants are located in the stem.

• 1) False
• 2) True

Solution

False Leaves are called as the food factories of the plant. 

Q73. Fungi secrete digestive juice on the dead and decaying matter and convert it into ______________ form.

Solution

Solution

Q74. How water and minerals are transported to the leaves?

Solution

The water and minerals are transported to the leaves by the vessels which run like pipes throughout the roots, stems, branches and leaves.

Q75. (i) Explain how the insect gets trapped in the pitcher plant?(ii) How do fungi germinate?

Solution

(i) Inside the pitcher there are hair which are directed downwards. When an insect lands in the pitcher, the lid encloses and the trapped insect gets entangled into the hair.(ii) The fungal spores are generally present in air. When they land on wet and warm things they germinate and grow.

Q76. __________________ gas is produced during photosynthesis.

Solution

Oxygen

Q77. Insect eating plants are called Insectivorous plants.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

True

Q78. The mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in solution forms from dead and decaying matter is called _______________ nutrition.

Solution

Saprophytic

Q79. Plants that use saprophytic mode of nutrition is called ____________.

Solution

Saprotrophs

Q80. Plants without chlorophyll use the _____________  mode of nutrition.

Solution

Heterotropic

Q81. Heterotrophs organism depend on ____________ for their nutrition. 

Solution

Other organisms  

Q82. Water and minerals are not absorbed by roots.

• 1) True
• 2) False

Solution

False Water and minerals required for photosynthesis are absorbed by roots.

Q83. How will you test the presence of starch in leaves?

Solution

Iodine test is performed to show the presence of starch. If the color of the leaf changes to blue-black by adding iodine on it then it indicates the presence of starch.

Q84. Why do organisms need to take food?

Solution

Organisms need food as it provides energy for various life processes.

Q85. Why is Cuscuta plant called a parasite?

Solution

Cuscuta plant is called a parasite because it does not have chlorophyll and absorbs food material from the host. In this process, it deprives the host of its valuable nutrients. 

Q86. (i) What is symbiosis?(ii) Name one organism in which symbiosis takes place. (iii) How do lichens show symbiotic relationship?

Solution

(i) The living together of two different species of plants as if they are parts of the same plant and help each other in obtaining food is called symbiosis. (ii) Symbiosis occurs in the plants called ‘lichens’. (iii) In lichens, the green coloured plant called ‘alga’ (autotroph) and non- green plant 'fungus' (saprophyte) live together. The fungus holds the alga cells in its mat of web-like hyphae (thin filaments). The fungus plant absorbs the water and mineral salts from the surroundings and supplies them to alga. The alga plant being green prepares the food by photosynthesis and shares it with fungus. Thus, both alga and fungus gain mutually from one another by living together. This is an example of symbiosis.

Q87. Plant on which chlorophyll free plant climbs is called ____________.

Solution

Parasite

Q88. (i) What are the final products of photosynthesis? What happens to them?(ii) Mention some special features in desert plants.

Solution

(i) Glucose and oxygen are the final products of photosynthesis. Glucose is utilized by the plant and extra glucose gets converted into starch which is stored in plants as reserved food material. Oxygen is released through stomata of leaves.(ii) The desert plants have scale or spine like leaves to reduce the loss of water by transpiration. These plants have green stems which carry out photosynthesis.

Q89. The mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization by the body is called _______________.

Solution

Nutrition

Q90. The green pigment, ____________ is present in green leaves.